使用覆盖进行依赖测试¶
在测试期间覆盖依赖¶
在某些情况下，您可能希望在测试期间覆盖某个依赖。
您不希望原始依赖（及其可能拥有的任何子依赖）运行。
相反，您希望提供一个仅在测试期间使用的不同依赖（可能仅在某些特定测试中使用），并提供一个可以在原始依赖值使用的地方使用的值。
用例：外部服务¶
一个例子可能是您有一个需要调用的外部身份验证提供者。
您向其发送一个令牌，它返回一个经过身份验证的用户。
此提供者可能会按请求向您收费，并且调用它可能比在测试中使用固定的模拟用户花费更多时间。
您可能希望测试一次外部提供者，但不一定在每次运行测试时都调用它。
在这种情况下，您可以覆盖调用该提供者的依赖，并在测试中使用一个返回模拟用户的自定义依赖。
使用 app.dependency_overrides 属性¶
对于这些情况，您的 FastAPI 应用程序有一个 app.dependency_overrides 属性，它是一个简单的 dict。
要覆盖测试中的依赖，您可以将原始依赖（一个函数）作为键，并将您的依赖覆盖（另一个函数）作为值。
然后 FastAPI 将调用该覆盖而不是原始依赖。
from typing import Annotated
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
app = FastAPI()
async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):
return {"message": "Hello Items!", "params": commons}
@app.get("/users/")
async def read_users(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):
return {"message": "Hello Users!", "params": commons}
client = TestClient(app)
async def override_dependency(q: str | None = None):
return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}
app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = override_dependency
def test_override_in_items():
response = client.get("/items/")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": None, "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
def test_override_in_items_with_q():
response = client.get("/items/?q=foo")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
def test_override_in_items_with_params():
response = client.get("/items/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
from typing import Annotated, Union
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
app = FastAPI()
async def common_parameters(
q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100
):
return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):
return {"message": "Hello Items!", "params": commons}
@app.get("/users/")
async def read_users(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):
return {"message": "Hello Users!", "params": commons}
client = TestClient(app)
async def override_dependency(q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}
app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = override_dependency
def test_override_in_items():
response = client.get("/items/")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": None, "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
def test_override_in_items_with_q():
response = client.get("/items/?q=foo")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
def test_override_in_items_with_params():
response = client.get("/items/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
from typing import Union
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from typing_extensions import Annotated
app = FastAPI()
async def common_parameters(
q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100
):
return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):
return {"message": "Hello Items!", "params": commons}
@app.get("/users/")
async def read_users(commons: Annotated[dict, Depends(common_parameters)]):
return {"message": "Hello Users!", "params": commons}
client = TestClient(app)
async def override_dependency(q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}
app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = override_dependency
def test_override_in_items():
response = client.get("/items/")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": None, "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
def test_override_in_items_with_q():
response = client.get("/items/?q=foo")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
def test_override_in_items_with_params():
response = client.get("/items/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
Tip
如果可能，建议使用 Annotated 版本。
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
app = FastAPI()
async def common_parameters(q: str | None = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
return {"message": "Hello Items!", "params": commons}
@app.get("/users/")
async def read_users(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
return {"message": "Hello Users!", "params": commons}
client = TestClient(app)
async def override_dependency(q: str | None = None):
return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}
app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = override_dependency
def test_override_in_items():
response = client.get("/items/")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": None, "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
def test_override_in_items_with_q():
response = client.get("/items/?q=foo")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
def test_override_in_items_with_params():
response = client.get("/items/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
Tip
如果可能，建议使用 Annotated 版本。
from typing import Union
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
app = FastAPI()
async def common_parameters(
q: Union[str, None] = None, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100
):
return {"q": q, "skip": skip, "limit": limit}
@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
return {"message": "Hello Items!", "params": commons}
@app.get("/users/")
async def read_users(commons: dict = Depends(common_parameters)):
return {"message": "Hello Users!", "params": commons}
client = TestClient(app)
async def override_dependency(q: Union[str, None] = None):
return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}
app.dependency_overrides[common_parameters] = override_dependency
def test_override_in_items():
response = client.get("/items/")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": None, "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
def test_override_in_items_with_q():
response = client.get("/items/?q=foo")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
def test_override_in_items_with_params():
response = client.get("/items/?q=foo&skip=100&limit=200")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {
"message": "Hello Items!",
"params": {"q": "foo", "skip": 5, "limit": 10},
}
Tip
您可以为 FastAPI 应用程序中任何地方使用的依赖设置依赖覆盖。
原始依赖可以在 路径操作函数、路径操作装饰器（当您不使用返回值时）、.include_router() 调用等中使用。
FastAPI 仍然能够覆盖它。
然后，您可以通过将 app.dependency_overrides 设置为空 dict 来重置覆盖（删除它们）：
app.dependency_overrides = {}
Tip
如果您只想在某些测试期间覆盖依赖，可以在测试开始时（在测试函数内部）设置覆盖，并在测试结束时（在测试函数结束时）重置它。