To read data from an Excel file, install and load the spatial extension, then use the st_read function in the FROM clause of a query. Use the layer parameter to specify the Excel worksheet name.

INSTALL spatial; -- Only needed once per DuckDB connection
LOAD spatial; -- Only needed once per DuckDB connection

SELECT * FROM st_read('test_excel.xlsx', layer='Sheet1');

To create a new table using the result from a query, use CREATE TABLE AS from a SELECT statement.

INSTALL spatial; -- Only needed once per DuckDB connection
LOAD spatial; -- Only needed once per DuckDB connection

CREATE TABLE new_tbl AS 
SELECT * FROM st_read('test_excel.xlsx', layer='Sheet1');

To load data into an existing table from a query, use INSERT INTO from a SELECT statement.

INSTALL spatial; -- Only needed once per DuckDB connection
LOAD spatial; -- Only needed once per DuckDB connection

INSERT INTO tbl
SELECT * FROM st_read('test_excel.xlsx', layer='Sheet1');

Several configuration options are also available for the underlying GDAL library that is doing the xlsx parsing. Set those options in an environment variable prior to executing the DuckDB SQL statement. The options include:

• OGR_XLSX_HEADERS = FORCE / DISABLE / AUTO
  • Either FORCE the first row to be interpreted as headers, DISABLE to treat the first row as a row of data, or AUTO to detect automatically.
• OGR_XLSX_FIELD_TYPES = STRING / AUTO
  • Either AUTO detect the data types in the file, or force all data types to be STRING.

For additional details, see the spatial extension page, the GDAL XLSX driver page, and the GDAL configuration options page.