Appenders are the most efficient way of loading data into DuckDB from within the C interface, and are recommended for
fast data loading. The appender is much faster than using prepared statements or individual INSERT INTO statements.
Appends are made in row-wise format. For every column, a duckdb_append_[type] call should be made, after which
the row should be finished by calling duckdb_appender_end_row. After all rows have been appended,
duckdb_appender_destroy should be used to finalize the appender and clean up the resulting memory.
Note that duckdb_appender_destroy should always be called on the resulting appender, even if the function returns
DuckDBError.
Example
duckdb_query(con, "CREATE TABLE people(id INTEGER, name VARCHAR)", NULL);
duckdb_appender appender;
if (duckdb_appender_create(con, NULL, "people", &appender) == DuckDBError) {
// handle error
}
// append the first row (1, Mark)
duckdb_append_int32(appender, 1);
duckdb_append_varchar(appender, "Mark");
duckdb_appender_end_row(appender);
// append the second row (2, Hannes)
duckdb_append_int32(appender, 2);
duckdb_append_varchar(appender, "Hannes");
duckdb_appender_end_row(appender);
// finish appending and flush all the rows to the table
duckdb_appender_destroy(&appender);
API Reference
duckdb_state duckdb_appender_create(duckdb_connection connection, const char *schema, const char *table, duckdb_appender *out_appender);
const char *duckdb_appender_error(duckdb_appender appender);
duckdb_state duckdb_appender_flush(duckdb_appender appender);
duckdb_state duckdb_appender_close(duckdb_appender appender);
duckdb_state duckdb_appender_destroy(duckdb_appender *appender);
duckdb_state duckdb_appender_begin_row(duckdb_appender appender);
duckdb_state duckdb_appender_end_row(duckdb_appender appender);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_bool(duckdb_appender appender, bool value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_int8(duckdb_appender appender, int8_t value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_int16(duckdb_appender appender, int16_t value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_int32(duckdb_appender appender, int32_t value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_int64(duckdb_appender appender, int64_t value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_hugeint(duckdb_appender appender, duckdb_hugeint value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_uint8(duckdb_appender appender, uint8_t value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_uint16(duckdb_appender appender, uint16_t value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_uint32(duckdb_appender appender, uint32_t value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_uint64(duckdb_appender appender, uint64_t value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_float(duckdb_appender appender, float value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_double(duckdb_appender appender, double value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_date(duckdb_appender appender, duckdb_date value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_time(duckdb_appender appender, duckdb_time value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_timestamp(duckdb_appender appender, duckdb_timestamp value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_interval(duckdb_appender appender, duckdb_interval value);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_varchar(duckdb_appender appender, const char *val);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_varchar_length(duckdb_appender appender, const char *val, idx_t length);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_blob(duckdb_appender appender, const void *data, idx_t length);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_null(duckdb_appender appender);
duckdb_state duckdb_append_data_chunk(duckdb_appender appender, duckdb_data_chunk chunk);
duckdb_appender_create
Creates an appender object.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_appender_create(
duckdb_connection connection,
const char *schema,
const char *table,
duckdb_appender *out_appender
);
Parameters
connection
The connection context to create the appender in.
schema
The schema of the table to append to, or nullptr for the default schema.
table
The table name to append to.
out_appender
The resulting appender object.
returns
DuckDBSuccess on success or DuckDBError on failure.
duckdb_appender_error
Returns the error message associated with the given appender.
If the appender has no error message, this returns nullptr instead.
The error message should not be freed. It will be de-allocated when duckdb_appender_destroy is called.
Syntax
const char *duckdb_appender_error(
duckdb_appender appender
);
Parameters
appender
The appender to get the error from.
returns
The error message, or nullptr if there is none.
duckdb_appender_flush
Flush the appender to the table, forcing the cache of the appender to be cleared and the data to be appended to the base table.
This should generally not be used unless you know what you are doing. Instead, call duckdb_appender_destroy when you
are done with the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_appender_flush(
duckdb_appender appender
);
Parameters
appender
The appender to flush.
returns
DuckDBSuccess on success or DuckDBError on failure.
duckdb_appender_close
Close the appender, flushing all intermediate state in the appender to the table and closing it for further appends.
This is generally not necessary. Call duckdb_appender_destroy instead.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_appender_close(
duckdb_appender appender
);
Parameters
appender
The appender to flush and close.
returns
DuckDBSuccess on success or DuckDBError on failure.
duckdb_appender_destroy
Close the appender and destroy it. Flushing all intermediate state in the appender to the table, and de-allocating all memory associated with the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_appender_destroy(
duckdb_appender *appender
);
Parameters
appender
The appender to flush, close and destroy.
returns
DuckDBSuccess on success or DuckDBError on failure.
duckdb_appender_begin_row
A nop function, provided for backwards compatibility reasons. Does nothing. Only duckdb_appender_end_row is required.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_appender_begin_row(
duckdb_appender appender
);
duckdb_appender_end_row
Finish the current row of appends. After end_row is called, the next row can be appended.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_appender_end_row(
duckdb_appender appender
);
Parameters
appender
The appender.
returns
DuckDBSuccess on success or DuckDBError on failure.
duckdb_append_bool
Append a bool value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_bool(
duckdb_appender appender,
bool value
);
duckdb_append_int8
Append an int8_t value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_int8(
duckdb_appender appender,
int8_t value
);
duckdb_append_int16
Append an int16_t value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_int16(
duckdb_appender appender,
int16_t value
);
duckdb_append_int32
Append an int32_t value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_int32(
duckdb_appender appender,
int32_t value
);
duckdb_append_int64
Append an int64_t value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_int64(
duckdb_appender appender,
int64_t value
);
duckdb_append_hugeint
Append a duckdb_hugeint value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_hugeint(
duckdb_appender appender,
duckdb_hugeint value
);
duckdb_append_uint8
Append a uint8_t value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_uint8(
duckdb_appender appender,
uint8_t value
);
duckdb_append_uint16
Append a uint16_t value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_uint16(
duckdb_appender appender,
uint16_t value
);
duckdb_append_uint32
Append a uint32_t value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_uint32(
duckdb_appender appender,
uint32_t value
);
duckdb_append_uint64
Append a uint64_t value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_uint64(
duckdb_appender appender,
uint64_t value
);
duckdb_append_float
Append a float value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_float(
duckdb_appender appender,
float value
);
duckdb_append_double
Append a double value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_double(
duckdb_appender appender,
double value
);
duckdb_append_date
Append a duckdb_date value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_date(
duckdb_appender appender,
duckdb_date value
);
duckdb_append_time
Append a duckdb_time value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_time(
duckdb_appender appender,
duckdb_time value
);
duckdb_append_timestamp
Append a duckdb_timestamp value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_timestamp(
duckdb_appender appender,
duckdb_timestamp value
);
duckdb_append_interval
Append a duckdb_interval value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_interval(
duckdb_appender appender,
duckdb_interval value
);
duckdb_append_varchar
Append a varchar value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_varchar(
duckdb_appender appender,
const char *val
);
duckdb_append_varchar_length
Append a varchar value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_varchar_length(
duckdb_appender appender,
const char *val,
idx_t length
);
duckdb_append_blob
Append a blob value to the appender.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_blob(
duckdb_appender appender,
const void *data,
idx_t length
);
duckdb_append_null
Append a NULL value to the appender (of any type).
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_null(
duckdb_appender appender
);
duckdb_append_data_chunk
Appends a pre-filled data chunk to the specified appender.
The types of the data chunk must exactly match the types of the table, no casting is performed. If the types do not match or the appender is in an invalid state, DuckDBError is returned. If the append is successful, DuckDBSuccess is returned.
Syntax
duckdb_state duckdb_append_data_chunk(
duckdb_appender appender,
duckdb_data_chunk chunk
);
Parameters
appender
The appender to append to.
chunk
The data chunk to append.
returns
The return state.