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SET VARIABLE and RESET VARIABLE Statements

DuckDB 支持使用 SET VARIABLERESET VARIABLE 语句定义 SQL 级别的变量。

SET VARIABLE

SET VARIABLE 语句用于为变量赋值,该变量可以通过 getvariable 调用访问:

SET VARIABLE my_var = 30;
SELECT 20 + getvariable('my_var') AS total;
总计
50

如果对现有变量调用SET VARIABLE,它将覆盖其值:

SET VARIABLE my_var = 30;
SET VARIABLE my_var = 100;
SELECT 20 + getvariable('my_var') AS total;
总计
120

变量可以有不同的类型:

SET VARIABLE my_date = DATE '2018-07-13';
SET VARIABLE my_string = 'Hello world';
SET VARIABLE my_map = MAP {'k1': 10, 'k2': 20};

变量也可以被分配给查询结果:

-- write some CSV files
COPY (SELECT 42 AS a) TO 'test1.csv';
COPY (SELECT 84 AS a) TO 'test2.csv';

-- add a list of CSV files to a table
CREATE TABLE csv_files(file VARCHAR);
INSERT INTO csv_files VALUES ('test1.csv'), ('test2.csv');

-- initialize a variable with the list of csv files
SET VARIABLE list_of_files = (SELECT LIST(file) FROM csv_files);

-- read the CSV files
SELECT * FROM read_csv(getvariable('list_of_files'), filename := True);
a 文件名
42 test.csv
84 test2.csv

如果变量未设置,getvariable 函数将返回 NULL

SELECT getvariable('undefined_var') AS result;
result
NULL

getvariable 函数也可以在 COLUMNS 表达式 中使用:

SET VARIABLE column_to_exclude = 'col1';
CREATE TABLE tbl AS SELECT 12 AS col0, 34 AS col1, 56 AS col2;
SELECT COLUMNS(c -> c != getvariable('column_to_exclude')) FROM tbl;
列0 列2
12 56

Syntax

RESET VARIABLE

RESET VARIABLE 语句用于取消设置一个变量。

SET VARIABLE my_var = 30;
RESET VARIABLE my_var;
SELECT getvariable('my_var') AS my_var;
my_var
NULL

Syntax