生成知识提示
图片来源: Liu et al. 2022 (在新标签页中打开)
LLMs 持续得到改进，其中一种流行的技术包括整合知识或信息的能力，以帮助模型做出更准确的预测。
使用类似的想法，模型是否也可以在做出预测之前生成知识？这正是Liu et al. 2022 (在新标签页中打开)在论文中尝试的——生成知识作为提示的一部分。特别是，这对于常识推理等任务有多大帮助？
让我们尝试一个简单的提示：
提示：
Part of golf is trying to get a higher point total than others. Yes or No?输出:
Yes.这种错误揭示了LLMs在执行需要更多世界知识的任务时的局限性。我们如何通过知识生成来改进这一点？
首先，我们生成一些“知识”：
提示：
Input: Greece is larger than mexico.
Knowledge: Greece is approximately 131,957 sq km, while Mexico is approximately 1,964,375 sq km, making Mexico 1,389% larger than Greece.
Input: Glasses always fog up.
Knowledge: Condensation occurs on eyeglass lenses when water vapor from your sweat, breath, and ambient humidity lands on a cold surface, cools, and then changes into tiny drops of liquid, forming a film that you see as fog. Your lenses will be relatively cool compared to your breath, especially when the outside air is cold.
Input: A fish is capable of thinking.
Knowledge: Fish are more intelligent than they appear. In many areas, such as memory, their cognitive powers match or exceed those of ’higher’ vertebrates including non-human primates. Fish’s long-term memories help them keep track of complex social relationships.
Input: A common effect of smoking lots of cigarettes in one’s lifetime is a higher than normal chance of getting lung cancer.
Knowledge: Those who consistently averaged less than one cigarette per day over their lifetime had nine times the risk of dying from lung cancer than never smokers. Among people who smoked between one and 10 cigarettes per day, the risk of dying from lung cancer was nearly 12 times higher than that of never smokers.
Input: A rock is the same size as a pebble.
Knowledge: A pebble is a clast of rock with a particle size of 4 to 64 millimetres based on the Udden-Wentworth scale of sedimentology. Pebbles are generally considered larger than granules (2 to 4 millimetres diameter) and smaller than cobbles (64 to 256 millimetres diameter).
Input: Part of golf is trying to get a higher point total than others.
Knowledge:知识 1:
The objective of golf is to play a set of holes in the least number of strokes. A round of golf typically consists of 18 holes. Each hole is played once in the round on a standard golf course. Each stroke is counted as one point, and the total number of strokes is used to determine the winner of the game.知识 2:
Golf is a precision club-and-ball sport in which competing players (or golfers) use many types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course using the fewest number of strokes. The goal is to complete the course with the lowest score, which is calculated by adding up the total number of strokes taken on each hole. The player with the lowest score wins the game.我们正在使用Liu等人2022年论文中提供的提示。
下一步是整合知识并获得预测。我将问题重新格式化为问答格式，以指导答案的格式。
提示：
Question: Part of golf is trying to get a higher point total than others. Yes or No?
Knowledge: The objective of golf is to play a set of holes in the least number of strokes. A round of golf typically consists of 18 holes. Each hole is played once in the round on a standard golf course. Each stroke is counted as one point, and the total number of strokes is used to determine the winner of the game.
Explain and Answer: 答案 1 (置信度非常高):
No, the objective of golf is not to get a higher point total than others. Rather, the objective is to play a set of holes in the least number of strokes. The total number of strokes is used to determine the winner of the game, not the total number of points.Question: Part of golf is trying to get a higher point total than others. Yes or No?
Knowledge: Golf is a precision club-and-ball sport in which competing players (or golfers) use many types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course using the fewest number of strokes. The goal is to complete the course with the lowest score, which is calculated by adding up the total number of strokes taken on each hole. The player with the lowest score wins the game.
Explain and Answer:答案2（信心较低）：
Yes, part of golf is trying to get a higher point total than others. Each player tries to complete the course with the lowest score, which is calculated by adding up the total number of strokes taken on each hole. The player with the lowest score wins the game.这个例子中发生了一些非常有趣的事情。在第一个答案中，模型非常有信心，但在第二个答案中则不那么自信。为了演示目的，我简化了过程，但在得出最终答案时还需要考虑更多细节。查看论文以获取更多信息。