通过高斯差进行带通滤波

带通滤波器会衰减感兴趣范围（带）之外的信号频率。在图像分析中，它们可以用于去噪图像，同时减少低频伪影，如不均匀照明。带通滤波器可以用于寻找图像特征，如斑点和边缘。

应用带通滤波器到图像的一种方法是，从一个用高斯核模糊的图像中减去一个模糊程度较低的图像。这个例子展示了两种使用高斯差分方法进行带通滤波的应用。

去噪图像并减少阴影

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from skimage.data import gravel
from skimage.filters import difference_of_gaussians, window
from scipy.fft import fftn, fftshift

image = gravel()
wimage = image * window('hann', image.shape)  # window image to improve FFT
filtered_image = difference_of_gaussians(image, 1, 12)
filtered_wimage = filtered_image * window('hann', image.shape)
im_f_mag = fftshift(np.abs(fftn(wimage)))
fim_f_mag = fftshift(np.abs(fftn(filtered_wimage)))

fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2, figsize=(8, 8))
ax[0, 0].imshow(image, cmap='gray')
ax[0, 0].set_title('Original Image')
ax[0, 1].imshow(np.log(im_f_mag), cmap='magma')
ax[0, 1].set_title('Original FFT Magnitude (log)')
ax[1, 0].imshow(filtered_image, cmap='gray')
ax[1, 0].set_title('Filtered Image')
ax[1, 1].imshow(np.log(fim_f_mag), cmap='magma')
ax[1, 1].set_title('Filtered FFT Magnitude (log)')
plt.show()

增强图像中的边缘

from skimage.data import camera

image = camera()
wimage = image * window('hann', image.shape)  # window image to improve FFT
filtered_image = difference_of_gaussians(image, 1.5)
filtered_wimage = filtered_image * window('hann', image.shape)
im_f_mag = fftshift(np.abs(fftn(wimage)))
fim_f_mag = fftshift(np.abs(fftn(filtered_wimage)))

fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=2, ncols=2, figsize=(8, 8))
ax[0, 0].imshow(image, cmap='gray')
ax[0, 0].set_title('Original Image')
ax[0, 1].imshow(np.log(im_f_mag), cmap='magma')
ax[0, 1].set_title('Original FFT Magnitude (log)')
ax[1, 0].imshow(filtered_image, cmap='gray')
ax[1, 0].set_title('Filtered Image')
ax[1, 1].imshow(np.log(fim_f_mag), cmap='magma')
ax[1, 1].set_title('Filtered FFT Magnitude (log)')
plt.show()