Note

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分类器比较#

在scikit-learn中的一些分类器在合成数据集上的比较。这个示例的目的是为了展示不同分类器的决策边界的性质。需要谨慎看待这些示例所传达的直观感受，因为这些直观感受不一定适用于真实数据集。

特别是在高维空间中，数据更容易线性分离，像朴素贝叶斯和线性SVM这样的简单分类器可能会比其他分类器更好地实现泛化。

图中显示了训练点（实心颜色）和测试点（半透明颜色）。右下角显示了测试集上的分类准确率。

Input data, Nearest Neighbors, Linear SVM, RBF SVM, Gaussian Process, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Neural Net, AdaBoost, Naive Bayes, QDA

# 代码来源：Gaël Varoquaux
# Andreas Müller
# 由Jaques Grobler为文档修改
# SPDX许可证标识符：BSD-3-Clause

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap

from sklearn.datasets import make_circles, make_classification, make_moons
from sklearn.discriminant_analysis import QuadraticDiscriminantAnalysis
from sklearn.ensemble import AdaBoostClassifier, RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.gaussian_process import GaussianProcessClassifier
from sklearn.gaussian_process.kernels import RBF
from sklearn.inspection import DecisionBoundaryDisplay
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from sklearn.neural_network import MLPClassifier
from sklearn.pipeline import make_pipeline
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier

names = [
    "Nearest Neighbors",
    "Linear SVM",
    "RBF SVM",
    "Gaussian Process",
    "Decision Tree",
    "Random Forest",
    "Neural Net",
    "AdaBoost",
    "Naive Bayes",
    "QDA",
]

classifiers = [
    KNeighborsClassifier(3),
    SVC(kernel="linear", C=0.025, random_state=42),
    SVC(gamma=2, C=1, random_state=42),
    GaussianProcessClassifier(1.0 * RBF(1.0), random_state=42),
    DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=5, random_state=42),
    RandomForestClassifier(
        max_depth=5, n_estimators=10, max_features=1, random_state=42
    ),
    MLPClassifier(alpha=1, max_iter=1000, random_state=42),
    AdaBoostClassifier(algorithm="SAMME", random_state=42),
    GaussianNB(),
    QuadraticDiscriminantAnalysis(),
]

X, y = make_classification(
    n_features=2, n_redundant=0, n_informative=2, random_state=1, n_clusters_per_class=1
)
rng = np.random.RandomState(2)
X += 2 * rng.uniform(size=X.shape)
linearly_separable = (X, y)

datasets = [
    make_moons(noise=0.3, random_state=0),
    make_circles(noise=0.2, factor=0.5, random_state=1),
    linearly_separable,
]

figure = plt.figure(figsize=(27, 9))
i = 1
# 遍历数据集
for ds_cnt, ds in enumerate(datasets):
    # 预处理数据集，分为训练部分和测试部分
    X, y = ds
    X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
        X, y, test_size=0.4, random_state=42
    )

    x_min, x_max = X[:, 0].min() - 0.5, X[:, 0].max() + 0.5
    y_min, y_max = X[:, 1].min() - 0.5, X[:, 1].max() + 0.5

    # 只需先绘制数据集。
    cm = plt.cm.RdBu
    cm_bright = ListedColormap(["#FF0000", "#0000FF"])
    ax = plt.subplot(len(datasets), len(classifiers) + 1, i)
    if ds_cnt == 0:
        ax.set_title("Input data")
    # 绘制训练点
    ax.scatter(X_train[:, 0], X_train[:, 1], c=y_train, cmap=cm_bright, edgecolors="k")
    # 绘制测试点
    ax.scatter(
        X_test[:, 0], X_test[:, 1], c=y_test, cmap=cm_bright, alpha=0.6, edgecolors="k"
    )
    ax.set_xlim(x_min, x_max)
    ax.set_ylim(y_min, y_max)
    ax.set_xticks(())
    ax.set_yticks(())
    i += 1

    # 遍历分类器
    for name, clf in zip(names, classifiers):
        ax = plt.subplot(len(datasets), len(classifiers) + 1, i)

        clf = make_pipeline(StandardScaler(), clf)
        clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
        score = clf.score(X_test, y_test)
        DecisionBoundaryDisplay.from_estimator(
            clf, X, cmap=cm, alpha=0.8, ax=ax, eps=0.5
        )

        # 绘制训练点
        ax.scatter(
            X_train[:, 0], X_train[:, 1], c=y_train, cmap=cm_bright, edgecolors="k"
        )
        # 绘制测试点
        ax.scatter(
            X_test[:, 0],
            X_test[:, 1],
            c=y_test,
            cmap=cm_bright,
            edgecolors="k",
            alpha=0.6,
        )

        ax.set_xlim(x_min, x_max)
        ax.set_ylim(y_min, y_max)
        ax.set_xticks(())
        ax.set_yticks(())
        if ds_cnt == 0:
            ax.set_title(name)
        ax.text(
            x_max - 0.3,
            y_min + 0.3,
            ("%.2f" % score).lstrip("0"),
            size=15,
            horizontalalignment="right",
        )
        i += 1

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()